What are Metabolic Disorder in Infants?
Metabolic disorders are rare conditions that affect the way the body uses food and converts it into energy or fuel. Some can be serious and, when left untreated, have the potential to affect a baby’s health and development.
Under normal circumstances, food (or breast milk or formula) is ingested and broken by enzymes in the digestive tract. This process turns the food into needed sugars and acids that the infant’s body can use for energy right away or store for later.
When a baby has a metabolic disorder, the digestive system can’t break down the food correctly. That can result in the body having too much or too little of certain substances, such as amino acids, phenylalanine, and blood sugar, which can lead to health problems in the future.
Symptoms of Metabolic Disorders in Babies
Most infants with metabolic disorders appear perfectly healthy when they’re born. Depending on the disorder, they might start to show symptoms days, months, or sometimes even years after birth. That’s why screening newborns early — before they start showing signs of possible problems — is so important.
Symptoms vary based on the specific disorder. In many cases, early signs might include lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting, poor weight gain, abnormal mouth odor, and even seizures.
Diagnosis
Metabolic disorders can be present at birth, and many can be identified by routine screening. If a metabolic disorder is not identified early, then it may be diagnosed later in life, when symptoms appear. Specific blood and DNA tests can be done to diagnose genetic metabolic disorders.
The gut microbiota, which is a population of microbes that live in the human digestive system, also has an important part in metabolism and generally has a positive function for its host. In terms of pathophysiological/mechanism interactions, abnormal gut microbiota can play a role in metabolic disorder
related obesity.
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